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Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 50, No. 1, 58-86 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0022002705282862

Mediation Style and Crisis Outcomes

Kyle C. Beardsley

Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego

David M. Quinn

Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland

Bidisha Biswas

Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland

Jonathan Wilkenfeld

Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland

This study focuses on the varying effectiveness of three mediation styles—facilitation, formulation, and manipulation—on international crises. Effectiveness is assessed in terms of three outcome variables: formal agreement, post-crisis tension reduction, and contribution to crisis abatement. The authors analyze new data on the mediation process from the International Crisis Behavior project (1918-2001). Manipulation has the strongest effect on the likelihood of both reaching a formal agreement and contributing to crisis abatement. Facilitation has the greatest influence on increasing the prospects for lasting tension reduction. The authors explore how the different styles affect the strategic bargaining environment to explain these differences in impact. The findings suggest that mediators should use a balance of styles if they are to maximize their overall effectiveness.

Key Words: mediation • crisis • international conflict • conflict • ICB • conflict resolution • rational bargaining


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