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Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 50, No. 4, 548-561 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0022002706289184
© 2006 SAGE Publications

Anti-Israel Sentiment Predicts Anti-Semitism in Europe

Edward H. Kaplan

School of Management, Yale University; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yale University

Charles A. Small

Institute for Social and Policy Studies, Yale University, Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy

In the discourse surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, extreme criticisms of Israel (e.g., Israel is an apartheidstate,theIsraelDefenseForcesdeliberatelytargetPalestiniancivilians),coupled with extreme policy proposals (e.g., boycott of Israeli academics and institutions, divest from companies doing business with Israel), have sparked counterclaims that such criticisms are anti-Semitic (for only Israel is singled out). The research in this article shines a different, statistical light on this question: based on a survey of 500 citizens in each of 10 European countries, the authors ask whether those individuals with extreme anti-Israel views are more likely to be anti-Semitic. Even after controlling for numerous potentially confounding factors, they find that anti-Israel sentiment consistently predicts the probability that an individual is anti-Semitic, with the likelihood of measured anti-Semitism increasing with the extent of anti-Israel sentiment observed.

Key Words: anti-Semitism • anti-Israel sentiment • anti-Zionism • European attitudes • conditional probability • Anti-Defamation League


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