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Pre-emptive or Arbitrary

Two Forms of Lethal Violence in a Civil War

Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain

Henar Criado

Political Science Department University Complutense, Madrid, Spain

This article analyzes the determinants of the variation in the levels of lethal violence against civilians during a civil war. It departs from the usual explanations of this variation, advancing two different logics to account for civilians' victimization: strategic violence directed to avoid rebellions by targeting would-be political entrepreneurs and violence as a consequence of the breakdown of the state's authority. It uses a new data set on violence against civilians during the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939.

Key Words: civil war • civilians killed • pre-emptive violence • collapse of the state

This version was published on June 1, 2009

Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 3, 419-445 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022002709332208


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