|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Expanded Trade and GDP Data
KRISTIAN SKREDE GLEDITSCH
Department of Political Science University of California, San Diego
Many sources of economic data cover only a limited set of states at any given point in time. Data are often systematically missing for some states over certain time periods. In the context of conflict studies, economic data are frequently unavailable for states involved in conflicts, undermining the ability to draw inferences of linkages between economic and political interactions. For example, simply using available data in a study of trade and conflict and disregarding observations with missing data on economic variables excludes key conflicts such as the Berlin crisis, the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Gulf War from the sample. A set of procedures are presented to create additional estimates to remedy some of the coverage problems for data on gross domestic product, population, and bilateral trade flows.
Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 46, No. 5,
712-724 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/0022002702046005006

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Savun and B. J. Phillips
Democracy, Foreign Policy, and Terrorism
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
December 1, 2009;
53(6):
878 - 904.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Barbieri, O. M.G. Keshk, and B. M. Pollins
Trading Data: Evaluating our Assumptions and Coding Rules
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
November 1, 2009;
26(5):
471 - 491.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Melander
Selected To Go Where Murderers Lurk?: The Preventive Effect of Peacekeeping on Mass Killings of Civilians
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
September 1, 2009;
26(4):
389 - 406.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Tir and J. T. Ackerman
Politics of Formalized River Cooperation
Journal of Peace Research,
September 1, 2009;
46(5):
623 - 640.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Buhaug, S. Gates, and P. Lujala
Geography, Rebel Capability, and the Duration of Civil Conflict
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2009;
53(4):
544 - 569.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. E. Cunningham, K. Skrede Gleditsch, and I. Salehyan
It Takes Two: A Dyadic Analysis of Civil War Duration and Outcome
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2009;
53(4):
570 - 597.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L.-E. Cederman, H. Buhaug, and J. K. Rod
Ethno-Nationalist Dyads and Civil War: A GIS-Based Analysis
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2009;
53(4):
496 - 525.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Ratner
Reaping What You Sow: Democratic Transitions and Foreign Policy Realignment
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
June 1, 2009;
53(3):
390 - 418.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. M. Potter and D. Van Belle
News coverage and Japanese foreign disaster aid: a comparative example of bureaucratic responsiveness to the news media
International Relations of the Asia-Pacific,
May 1, 2009;
9(2):
295 - 315.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. B. Slapin
Exit, Voice, and Cooperation: Bargaining Power in International Organizations and Federal Systems
Journal of Theoretical Politics,
April 1, 2009;
21(2):
187 - 211.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Gartzke and D.-J. Jo
Bargaining, Nuclear Proliferation, and Interstate Disputes
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
April 1, 2009;
53(2):
209 - 233.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Rauchhaus
Evaluating the Nuclear Peace Hypothesis: A Quantitative Approach
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
April 1, 2009;
53(2):
258 - 277.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Melander
The Geography of Fear: Regional Ethnic Diversity, the Security Dilemma and Ethnic War
European Journal of International Relations,
March 1, 2009;
15(1):
95 - 124.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Demirel-Pegg and J. Moskowitz
US Aid Allocation: The Nexus of Human Rights, Democracy, and Development
Journal of Peace Research,
March 1, 2009;
46(2):
181 - 198.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Fjelde
Buying Peace? Oil Wealth, Corruption and Civil War, 1985--99
Journal of Peace Research,
March 1, 2009;
46(2):
199 - 218.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Beaulieu and S. D. Hyde
In the Shadow of Democracy Promotion: Strategic Manipulation, International Observers, and Election Boycotts
Comparative Political Studies,
March 1, 2009;
42(3):
392 - 415.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Fjelde and I. De Soysa
Coercion, Co-optation, or Cooperation?: State Capacity and the Risk of Civil War, 1961--2004
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
February 1, 2009;
26(1):
5 - 25.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Lektzian and M. Souva
A Comparative Theory Test of Democratic Peace Arguments, 1946--2000
Journal of Peace Research,
January 1, 2009;
46(1):
17 - 37.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. E. Goldsmith, S. K. Chalup, and M. J. Quinlan
Regime Type and International Conflict: Towards a General Model
Journal of Peace Research,
November 1, 2008;
45(6):
743 - 763.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
O. Magnus Theisen
Blood and Soil? Resource Scarcity and Internal Armed Conflict Revisited
Journal of Peace Research,
November 1, 2008;
45(6):
801 - 818.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Iqbal and H. Starr
Bad Neighbors: Failed States and Their Consequences
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
September 1, 2008;
25(4):
315 - 331.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. S. Gleditsch, I. Salehyan, and K. Schultz
Fighting at Home, Fighting Abroad: How Civil Wars Lead to International Disputes
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2008;
52(4):
479 - 506.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Iqbal and C. Zorn
The Political Consequences of Assassination
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
June 1, 2008;
52(3):
385 - 400.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Mousseau and D. Y. Mousseau
The Contracting Roots of Human Rights
Journal of Peace Research,
May 1, 2008;
45(3):
327 - 344.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Dorussen and H. Ward
Intergovernmental Organizations and the Kantian Peace: A Network Perspective
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
April 1, 2008;
52(2):
189 - 212.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. M. Hafner-Burton and A. H. Montgomery
Power or Plenty: How Do International Trade Institutions Affect Economic Sanctions?
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
April 1, 2008;
52(2):
213 - 242.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Ostby
Polarization, Horizontal Inequalities and Violent Civil Conflict
Journal of Peace Research,
March 1, 2008;
45(2):
143 - 162.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Forsberg
Polarization and Ethnic Conflict in a Widened Strategic Setting
Journal of Peace Research,
March 1, 2008;
45(2):
283 - 300.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Colaresi and S. C. Carey
To Kill or to Protect: Security Forces, Domestic Institutions, and Genocide
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
February 1, 2008;
52(1):
39 - 67.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. M. Hafner-Burton and A. H. Montgomery
The Hegemon's Purse: No Economic Peace Between Democracies
Journal of Peace Research,
January 1, 2008;
45(1):
111 - 120.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Lektzian and M. Souva
An Institutional Theory of Sanctions Onset and Success
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
December 1, 2007;
51(6):
848 - 871.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. R. Abouharb and A. L. Kimball
A New Dataset on Infant Mortality Rates, 1816 2002
Journal of Peace Research,
November 1, 2007;
44(6):
743 - 754.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Jun Xiang, Xiaohong Xu, and G. Keteku
Power: The Missing Link in the Trade Conflict Relationship
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2007;
51(4):
646 - 663.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. L. Kastner
When Do Conflicting Political Relations Affect International Trade?
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2007;
51(4):
664 - 688.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. F. Goenner
Economic War and Democratic Peace
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
July 1, 2007;
24(3):
171 - 182.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. C. Carey
European Aid: Human Rights Versus Bureaucratic Inertia?
Journal of Peace Research,
July 1, 2007;
44(4):
447 - 464.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Clare
Democratization and International Conflict: The Impact of Institutional Legacies
Journal of Peace Research,
May 1, 2007;
44(3):
259 - 276.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Lai and C. Thyne
The Effect of Civil War on Education, 1980--97
Journal of Peace Research,
May 1, 2007;
44(3):
277 - 292.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. S. Gleditsch
Transnational Dimensions of Civil War
Journal of Peace Research,
May 1, 2007;
44(3):
293 - 309.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. B. de Mesquita and A. Smith
Foreign Aid and Policy Concessions
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
April 1, 2007;
51(2):
251 - 284.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Svensson
Bargaining, Bias and Peace Brokers: How Rebels Commit to Peace
Journal of Peace Research,
March 1, 2007;
44(2):
177 - 194.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Bussmann and J. R. Oneal
Do Hegemons Distribute Private Goods?: A Test of Power-Transition Theory
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
February 1, 2007;
51(1):
88 - 111.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. E. Goldsmith
A Liberal Peace in Asia?
Journal of Peace Research,
January 1, 2007;
44(1):
5 - 27.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. E. Goldsmith
A Universal Proposition? Region, Conflict, War and the Robustness of the Kantian Peace
European Journal of International Relations,
December 1, 2006;
12(4):
533 - 563.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. L. Thyne
Cheap Signals with Costly Consequences: The Effect of Interstate Relations on Civil War
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
December 1, 2006;
50(6):
937 - 961.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. G. Cox and A. C. Drury
Democratic Sanctions: Connecting the Democratic Peace and Economic Sanctions
Journal of Peace Research,
November 1, 2006;
43(6):
709 - 722.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Maoz, R. D. Kuperman, L. Terris, and I. Talmud
Structural Equivalence and International Conflict: A Social Networks Analysis
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
October 1, 2006;
50(5):
664 - 689.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. V. Frazier
Third Party Characteristics, Territory and the Mediation of Militarized Interstate Disputes
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
September 1, 2006;
23(4):
267 - 284.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Dorussen and K. Nanou
European Integration, Intergovernmental Bargaining, and Convergence of Party Programmes
European Union Politics,
June 1, 2006;
7(2):
235 - 256.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. L. Krustev
Interdependence and the Duration of Militarized Conflict
Journal of Peace Research,
May 1, 2006;
43(3):
243 - 260.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Gartzke and K. S. Gleditsch
Identity and Conflict: Ties that Bind and Differences that Divide
European Journal of International Relations,
March 1, 2006;
12(1):
53 - 87.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Dorussen
Heterogeneous Trade Interests and Conflict: What You Trade Matters
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
February 1, 2006;
50(1):
87 - 107.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. A. Simmons
Rules over Real Estate: Trade, Territorial Conflict, and International Borders as Institution
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
December 1, 2005;
49(6):
823 - 848.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Lai and R. Melkonian-Hoover
Democratic Progress and Regress: The Effect of Parties on the Transitions of States to and Away from Democracy
Political Research Quarterly,
December 1, 2005;
58(4):
551 - 564.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. R. Oneal and B. Russett
Rule of Three, Let It Be? When More Really Is Better
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
September 1, 2005;
22(4):
293 - 310.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. M. Kim and D. L. Rousseau
The Classical Liberals Were Half Right (or Half Wrong): New Tests of the 'Liberal Peace', 1960-88
Journal of Peace Research,
September 1, 2005;
42(5):
523 - 543.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. A. Benson
The Relevance of Politically Relevant Dyads in the Study of Interdependence and Dyadic Disputes
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
April 1, 2005;
22(2):
113 - 133.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Sweeney and O. M.G. Keshk
the Similarity of States: Using S to Compute Dyadic Interest Similarity
Conflict Management and Peace Science,
April 1, 2005;
22(2):
165 - 187.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Singh and C. R. Way
The Correlates of Nuclear Proliferation: A Quantitative Test
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
December 1, 2004;
48(6):
859 - 885.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. F. Goenner
Uncertainty of the Liberal Peace
Journal of Peace Research,
September 1, 2004;
41(5):
589 - 605.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Chiozza and H. E. Goemans
Avoiding Diversionary Targets
Journal of Peace Research,
July 1, 2004;
41(4):
423 - 443.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Hegre
Size Asymmetry, Trade, and Militarized Conflict
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
June 1, 2004;
48(3):
403 - 429.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. R. Oneal
Measuring Interdependence and Its Pacific Benefits: A Reply to Gartzke & Li
Journal of Peace Research,
November 1, 2003;
40(6):
721 - 725.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. J. Hewitt
Dyadic Processes and International Crises
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
October 1, 2003;
47(5):
669 - 692.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Chiozza and H. E. Goemans
Peace through Insecurity: Tenure and International Conflict
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
August 1, 2003;
47(4):
443 - 467.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Mousseau, H. Hegre, and J. R. O'neal
How the Wealth of Nations Conditions the Liberal Peace
European Journal of International Relations,
June 1, 2003;
9(2):
277 - 314.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. A. M. DAVIES
Domestic Strife and the Initiation of International Conflicts: A Directed Dyad Analysis, 1950-1982
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
October 1, 2002;
46(5):
672 - 692.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|
|